PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.